Tanzania is regarded as the “Cradle of mankind” since it is where ancient fossils of humans were discovered. This was in Olduvai Gorge, and Laetoli where human footprints that date back millions of years are preserved. The discovered bones of Paranthropus are believed to be around 2 million years old. Meanwhile, the Laetoli footprints are estimated to be around 3.6 million years old. These are some of the earliest evidences of upright bipedal walking in human ancestors.

Earlier locals within the region included hunter-gatherers, Cushitic migrants, Bantu settlers and Nilotic pastoralists. These significantly influenced the socio-economics of the region through agriculture, ironwork and social structures. Later, Arab and Persian traders came to the coast of the region, enhancing wealth within East Africa. This was also responsible for the rise of the Kiswahili language and a number of trading cities such as Kilwa. These led to the expansion of Swahili influence across the Islands and mainland between the 13^th and 15^th centuries.

In the late 15^th century, the region saw the arrival of European explorers and colonizers. The Portuguese, Omani Arabs, Germans and later the British came in to shape the political environment. By 1884, Tanganyika was now German East Africa. However, after World War 1, It became British-administered Tanganyika, which set the stage for the country’s independence. This was on December 9, 1961, led by Prime Minister, Julius Nyerere, On April 26, 1964, Tanganyika and Zanzibar united to form Tanzania with Nyerere as their first president.

Tanzania experiences a tropical climate, implying that the country experiences distinct dry and wet seasons. This is influenced by ocean currents, winds, altitude and latitude etc. Monthly temperatures vary in different regions. For instance, in the highland areas, temperatures range from 10 and 20 degrees Celsius in cold seasons and warm seasons respectively. Most parts of the country hardly experience temperatures below 20 degrees Celsius. May to August offer the coldest weather, ranging from 15 to 20 degrees Celsius.

The warmest period in Tanzania runs from November to February with temperatures ranging from 15 to 20 degrees Celsius. Rainfall in Tanzania is largely influenced by the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone. The rainfall is characterized by both unimodal and bimodal rainfall regimes. These occur from October to April (unimodal) and from October to December and March to May (Bimodal). January to February is hot with occasional showers, while June to October are the coolest yet driest periods of the year.

The stunning Zanzibar Islands archipelago are situated just off the Tanzanian coast, renowned for their beautiful blue waters and unique cultures. Visitors to the islands enjoy a combination of relaxation, cultural encounters and thrilling adventures that make the experience beyond worthwhile. Attractions are diverse including pristine beaches, cool atmospheres, marine wildlife and historical sites. The top attractions and activities in Zanzibar are described as follows,

Beaches, which are extremely popular worldwide thanks to their white sandy shores and crystal clear waters. These are all important for visitors who love sunbathing, swimming, relaxing or even enjoying a beautiful sunset. This can be done in beaches such as Paje, Kendwa, Nungwi and Matemwe etc. Lagoons and gentle waves offer spots for water sports such as kayaking, snorkeling, and kite surfing etc.

Spice Markets, that offer visitors a chance to explore a variety of fragrant plantations in Zanzibar. Zanzibar is also called “Spice Islands,” thanks to a multitude of spices grown there, including cinnamon, nutmeg, black pepper, ginger and cloves among others. While exploring or purchasing spices, you gain knowledge about their production and health benefits. This is also a chance to interact with the vendors.

Stone Town, which is a historic city in Zanzibar with traditional architecture, busy markets and winding streets. This is among the oldest parts of Zanzibar. Exploration of cultural landmarks, shops, local cuisines and the streets offer knowledge about Zanzibar’s rich history. For example, this was the former capital of the Zanzibar Sultanate and a center for slave and spice trade. Interaction with the people and learning some words in Swahili can be done.

There is more than iconic wildlife, beaches and mountains in Tanzania. Plenty of lakes, rivers and other shimmering open waters where unforgettable boat trips, fishing tours, snorkeling and kayaking etc. are done. Major highlights include Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Nyasa, Lake Rukwa, Lake Natron and Lake Manyara. These are perfect spots for exploration, birdwatching, fishing and relaxation. Major rivers include Rufiji, Pangani, Ruvuma, Kagera and Wami. Tanzania’s waterfalls include Ndoro, Sanje, Materuni, Soni and Mount. Meru.

Tanzania can be visited all year-round, even during the country’s public holidays. But you can come to Tanzania during the dry season if you desire the ideal wildlife viewing experiences. Especially during June to October, the weather experienced in Tanzania offers perfect outdoor activities for visitors. This enhances the accessibility by road thus making it less challenging to travel across national parks and reserves. The skies are often clear, it is sunny and vegetation cover is usually sparse to offer clear wildlife views.

Large mammals tend to gather around the few water sources remaining thus making it easier to view plenty of them. The popular Great Migration in Serengeti National Park generally takes place during the dry season of June-October. However, for visitors who desire to witness the wildebeest calving visit Serengeti National Park in January and February. Birders should come to Tanzania in the wet seasons, when migratory bird species and residents are available and breeding respectively.